{"content":{"sharePage":{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"34683146","dateCreated":"1298444760","smartDate":"Feb 22, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"crystalgremillion","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/crystalgremillion","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/klam-emeralds.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/34683146"},"dateDigested":1532763016,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Wolters & Benzon","description":"How do students learn according to the theory of social cognitive learning?
\nDefine and provide a personal example of self efficacy and self-regulation.
\nHow is this theory different from cognitive and social constructivism?","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"34953558","body":"SCT says that personal, behavioral, and enviornmental factors influence on another. SCT recoginzes the importance of the enviornment on behavior and learning but it also says that students can influence their own behavior and the envirnment by processes like self-reflection. It also suggests that learning and the demonstration of learning are different things.
\n
\nSelf efficacy is the belief of a student on how well they can do. Students with higher self-efficacy usually are more successful. When I started driving, I was very nervous and prone to many mistakes. Now, I have a higher self-efficacy when it comes to driving and so I do much better since I believe in myself.
\n
\nSelf-regulation is a students control of their own learning behaviors. Self-efficacy is very important in sucessful self-regulation. An example for this is independent study.
\n
\nConstructivism argues that people build their understanding through the interaction between the enviornment and their ideas. However, Social Cognitive Theory suggests that people learn through observation .","dateCreated":"1298867746","smartDate":"Feb 27, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"HalaSiddiqui","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/HalaSiddiqui","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"34953720","body":"The theory of social cognitive learning states that main vehicle of learning is the observation of others. You watch and learn. This is not the only way that they learn though. The individual can also think and influence their own thought process through goal setting.
\nSelf efficacy is how well you think about your ability to execute a certain task. The better or more experienced you are at something, the higher you self efficacy is. This helps someone gain confidence in a subject. A good example I have of this is when i first learned how to ride a bike. I thought I was bad as riding for those first month of novelty, but after i gained experience m self efficacy was raised.
\nSelf regulation is all about how you regulate yourself and your goals. This is dependent on what kind of goals you have set for yourself, and how you will preform all your given tasks. I use self regulation probably every day. An example would be making a list of things that need to be done, or writing down homework.
\nThis theory is a little different from constructivism because it places less stress on the individual learning as opposed to constructivism that tells us that people learn more internally, by themselves with a little help. SCT is more about learning with someone else and the effects of observed behavior.","dateCreated":"1298868124","smartDate":"Feb 27, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"admiller2","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/admiller2","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"34964456","body":"According to SCT learning occurs not only through Social interactions and the environment, but also is affected by the student's own thoughts their interpretation of the context being presented and their own believes.
\n
\nSelf efficiency is the student's reflection on how efficiently they can perform a particular task based on their past performance. For example I am good at singing. At the same time I don't dance well therefore i would be more confident in singing than in dancing.
\n
\nSelf regulation is where the students control or manage their thoughts and actions by observing them and evaluating how effective they are and reacting according to the results of the evaluation. For example in the beginning of the semester I would learn a subject in a particular way then i would evaluate if it is effective by the grades i receive in the first test. If I score good I will continue learning the same way if not i would change the way i learn.
\nThis theory is different from cognitive and social constructivism because this theory states that learning occurs not just by social interaction but also through student's prior knowledge and thoughts and also their interpretation on a subject.","dateCreated":"1298901387","smartDate":"Feb 28, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"Ebbybaby","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/Ebbybaby","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"34970918","body":"Social cognitive learning states that children learning is affected by their environment. It is the environment they are in that reflect their ideology and beliefs.
\n
\nSelf efficacy is how well a person think they can accomplish a task. One example of this is the AP calculus test. I expected myself to get at least a 3. With that high expectation, I was able to perform well and got a 5.
\n
\nSelf regulation is when a students make necessary changes from some kind of feedback that allow them to do better at a certain task. One example of this is when I was in Academic Decathlon, we all had to give speeches. My speech was well prepared; however, with the suggestions from my teammates and debate coach, I was able to a great speech that got me third place.
\nThis theory is different from constructivism because it focuses more on the environment.","dateCreated":"1298905185","smartDate":"Feb 28, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"TuyenN","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/TuyenN","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"35115286","body":"Tuyen
\n
\nI agree with everything you said. I especially liked your ap calculus example. It allowed me to think of self-efficacy in another way. Thanks :)","dateCreated":"1299039883","smartDate":"Mar 1, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"HalaSiddiqui","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/HalaSiddiqui","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"35128490","body":"Amanda,
\n
\nI really like your definition of social cognitive learning. A big part of this theory is that people learn by observation.
\n
\nSomehow, this theory didn't convince me that we should apply this in classroom. People learning style varies; some are more kinesthetic, visual, or auditory than others.","dateCreated":"1299073501","smartDate":"Mar 2, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"TuyenN","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/TuyenN","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]},{"id":"34683060","dateCreated":"1298444545","smartDate":"Feb 22, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"crystalgremillion","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/crystalgremillion","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/klam-emeralds.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/34683060"},"dateDigested":1532763017,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Ryan et al.","description":"Name and describe 4 types of achievement goals and 3 types of values. Provide a
\npersonal example of each. What is the difference between self-efficacy and self-concept?","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"34954304","body":"Four types of achievement goals are mastery approach goals, mastery avoid goals, performance approach, and performance avoid goals. The Mastery goals are more focused on whether you can do the task and how well. The performance goals are ones where you set standards for yourself in comparison with what others are doing. Performance is more about how you also compare the the others, and what they will think. The word approach means that you setting these goal in order so get something you want out of it. The word avoid simply means that you have a goal in order to avoid something you don't want to happen from happening. An example of a performance approach goal is when you want to do well on a test because you think that is will make you look cool.
\nThree types of values that help students are the importance of the material, the utility-or usefulness, and the interest of the task given. All of these things, when there, help the student learn better. An example of one of these values is when a student learns something new, and use it to everyday life. This idea of usefulness will help a student learn is faster because it's not just something they will through away in their head.
\nSelf-concept is a way that you think about yourself. It is how you view yourself at a certain task. Like for example, I would answer the question " how good am I at playing piano?" how you answer yourself is your self concept Self efficacy is a little different. Efficacy is how well you think you could preform when you trying to receive something for it. It is a little more specific then self concept. The task is being preformed for a certain thing that you want out of it.","dateCreated":"1298869555","smartDate":"Feb 27, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"admiller2","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/admiller2","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"34954506","body":"Achievement Goals
\n--Mastery-Approach goal is when a student is focused on solving a challange. Many times in Math class, I would try to solve a difficult problem that was so challanging that it wouldn't even be on the test. My drive to succeed was just the challange to master the problem, I could careless about the test score.
\n--Mastry avoid goal is when the student focuses on avoiding failure or misunderstanding. Many times I would have this goal when doing tests. I would try to do my best so that I wouldnt fail.
\n--Performance approach goal is when a student is focused on succeeding so that they look good. SAT is a good example of this kind of goal. I took the SAT so that I would do well and universities would see how good I am.
\n--Performance avoid goal is when a student is focused on doing well so that they dont look dumb in front of other people. There have been a few times that I lost all hope I knew that I couldnt pass the test but the only thing that kept me going and focused on studying was the idea of how stupid I would look in front of my friends who studied hard and will probably do very well.
\n
\nValues
\n--Importance is doing well because it is neccessary. An example is when I have to study for history, I do it only because I need this class to graduate. I try to do well because it is important.
\n--Utility is doing well because of the use of it in the future. I try to do well in my science classes because I need them for my future career.
\n--Interest is doing well because of pure enjoyment. I work hard in K&L because I find the topics interesting. I work hard in organic chemistry because I find the topics challanging.
\n
\nself concept is a general form of self efficacy","dateCreated":"1298870186","smartDate":"Feb 27, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"HalaSiddiqui","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/HalaSiddiqui","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"35115462","body":"I agree with everything you said Amanda except maybe the last part about self-efficiacy but I was very confused about that before class. I especially agree with your point about utility. It is such a basic fact but many times we dont value it as much.","dateCreated":"1299040164","smartDate":"Mar 1, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"HalaSiddiqui","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/HalaSiddiqui","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"35128366","body":"I agree with what you said Hala, My view of self efficacy was a little off, and when we went over it in class it made the idea much clearer. Your right when you say that self concept is a general form of self efficacy.","dateCreated":"1299073394","smartDate":"Mar 2, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"admiller2","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/admiller2","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]},{"id":"34682968","dateCreated":"1298444315","smartDate":"Feb 22, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"crystalgremillion","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/crystalgremillion","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/klam-emeralds.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/34682968"},"dateDigested":1532763017,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Bransford","description":"Briefly identify and describe the 6 key principles of expert knowledge that this
\nchapter identifies. Describe a concept map noting its critical components. How is it a useful tool for students? How is it a useful tool for teachers?","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"34954988","body":"Expert's knowlegde is much different than novices' knowldege. They notice meaningful patterns, have a lot of background knowlegde that reflects deep understanding,their knowledge is not based on application rather than recall of facts,they can retrieve their knowledge with little effort, experts have variying levels of flexibilty in their approach to situations, and lastly, not all experts can teach.
\n
\nA concept map helps students understand a concept by showing relationships with in that concept. It is a useful tool for students in that I can be used as a map\/guide when trying to understand a concept. Teachers can give their students a concept map and then use it as a study guide for their student or they can have students make a concept map and use the map as a formative assesment.","dateCreated":"1298871536","smartDate":"Feb 27, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"HalaSiddiqui","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/HalaSiddiqui","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"34965980","body":"Experts when compared to novice can, identify features and meaningful patterns. They can organize information in a way that can reflect deep understanding. The knowledge is set on the basis of application rather than facts. They can easily retrieve an important information with little effort. They sometimes have a difficulty teaching. They approach to new situation at different levels.
\n
\nConcept map is simple way of organizing ones understanding on a particular subjects by linking important terms to each other. This helps the student to organize their thoughts and categorize terms. Teachers are benefitted by concept maps because it gives them an idea on how the students understand a topic at a glance.","dateCreated":"1298902605","smartDate":"Feb 28, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"Ebbybaby","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/Ebbybaby","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"34966198","body":"Expert knowledge has 6 key principles that this article identifies. 1) Meaningful patterns of information. Everything that the expert knows, they all are related together in a pattern that makes sense to the expert, so it is easier for the expert to notice patterns. The novice can\u2019t do that yet because they are still trying to make sense of new information. 2) Organization of knowledge. The expert has a massive load of information that is organized in a way that makes sense to them. 3) Context and access to knowledge. Expert can relate the information to real life problems that can further their understanding of certain subject. 4) Fluent retrieval. It requires less energy for the expert to retrieve information. 5) Experts and teaching. Not all of experts can teach novices. 4) Adaptive expertise. How adaptive they are using their own knowledge to conform to new ones.
\nConcept maps make connections between critical components. This is a great tool for students because they help students make sense of information and help them think like an expert. It is a great tool for teachers because concept maps enable them to translate their knowledge in a way that helps the students understand the teachers more.","dateCreated":"1298902809","smartDate":"Feb 28, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"TuyenN","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/TuyenN","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"34968538","body":"Experts are called experts for several reasons. When faced with an objective, they notice patterns of information, the knowledge is organized better to ensure deeper understanding, they know how to apply the concepts to a lot of different contexts, they have more advanced retrieval skills, they can use this flexibility of concepts to handle new situations. The last principle says that even thought all of this is true, it doesn't mean that they are good at teaching someone else.
\nConcept maps are made in order to see all of the connections made between different information. It's important to know what is related to anything else. these are good for both teachers and students because the more connections someone is able to make in their mind, the more schematic growth can happen. This I believe is a benefit to both because they can access information more readily. In the teachers view, it helps the student truly understand information. and in the students view, the whole goal is to acquire deep understanding on the subject and thats what a concept map can help provide.","dateCreated":"1298904133","smartDate":"Feb 28, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"admiller2","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/admiller2","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"35128926","body":"Ebby,
\n
\nI never really thought concept maps can help teachers evaluate their student's understanding. I've always thought of it as a teaching tool more than an evaluating tool. Thank you for pointing that out. Now I have a new view of concept maps.","dateCreated":"1299073840","smartDate":"Mar 2, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"TuyenN","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/TuyenN","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"35129996","body":"I like your simple definition of a concept map Ebby. It is a great way to organize you thoughts and link topics together","dateCreated":"1299074746","smartDate":"Mar 2, 2011","userCreated":{"username":"admiller2","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/admiller2","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]}],"more":false},"comments":[]},"http":{"code":200,"status":"OK"},"redirectUrl":null,"javascript":null,"notices":{"warning":[],"error":[],"info":[],"success":[]}}